The 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) of Planning
Commission has projected agriculture, a sector that engages almost 60%
of India’s population, to grow at 4%. An economy that must grow at 9%
plus to help its poor live a better life cannot afford to ignore the
sector. Policy makers world over realize that moving people
from slow growth sectors to fast growth sectors like manufacturing and
services is natural and desirable but not at the cost of neglecting
agriculture.
A lagging agriculture sector will only result in greater inequality.
You would then ask if manufacturing and services sector growing fast
enough to absorb those who want to move away from agriculture? The
answer is NO but that is a separate debate altogether. It would suffice
to say that managing an economy is not a patch work – a reform here and
there won’t deliver the growth we need. It requires a great deal of
vision and several initiatives being implemented at the same time.
Let us now look at the headlines in past months:
Five Vidarbha farmers kill self; 332 suicides this year or
West Bengal farmer commits suicide after failing to repay loan or Every 12 hours, one farmer commits suicide in India.
I could go on and the list won’t end. In a recent case farmers have
directly blamed the Government in power for the agrarian crisis and
their death (
Vidarbha farmer in suicide note: Don’t vote for Cong, NCP).
Farmer suicides are not a recent phenomenon. They are being
reported since early 1990s. Several public commentators and agriculture
economists have written about the issue. However the crisis has only
deepened. Between 1995-2002, over a quarter of a million farm suicide
cases have been reported. These numbers on a stand-alone basis don’t
convey much but on an absolute basis they do point to something not
being quite right.
P Sainath, one of the more vocal commentators, espousing the cause of
farmer’s points to systemic failure of the State to provide an enabling
environment, which has resulted in the agrarian crisis. Rising input
costs, inadequate irrigation facility, overt dependence on rain, lack of
information on modern methods and technologies, no counseling for
farmers on crop rotation, soil management and rain water harvesting,
erratic power supply, broken supply chain, poor storage, lack of credit
and inconsistent policy framework are some of the reasons cited for the
deteriorating condition of the farmers.
Much as I agree with P Sainath’s prognosis, I can’t get myself to
agree with his solutions, if there are any. His loathing for corporate
sector and the alleged inequality as a result of reforms, which has been
demolished
here,
is no solution. If addressing a complex issue of access and information
could be solved by all of us falling to the same level of poverty,
world would have been an egalitarian place by now. To redistribute one
has to create !
As Gujarat launches its annual Krishi Mahotsav, it is perhaps
an opportune time to understand the State’s integrated approach to
agriculture better. Over the last decade agriculture in Gujarat
has seen a 10% growth. This is because systematic effort has been made
to nurture an ecosystem that facilitated this kind of growth –
scientific farming, rain water harvesting and linking of rivers (under
Sujalam Sufalam initiative – to create water grids for conservation and
proper utilization).
Agricultural income has increased from Rs
90bn in 2002 to Rs 500bn in 2010. Linking rivers and making check dams
resulted in increased ground water level, which meant drop in usage of
electricity for agricultural purposes to 22% (from 45% earlier). This
is a state that was arid and drought-prone before Mr. Narendra Modi
took over and now is exporting cotton, and vegetables like okra and
tomatoes. Yield of food grains in Gujarat has gone up to 1581
kgs/hectare (in FY 09-10) from 1186 kgs/hectare (in FY 99-00).
So what did Gujarat Government do differently?
The State Government conceptualized a month long farmer
out-reach program called Krishi Mahotsav or Farm Fairs. It was unique
because the Government ensured that it brought various farm related
services and technical know-how to the farmer’s door step rather than
the other way round. For this, during the month long period,
mobile agricultural units carrying experts and service providers reached
out to farmers small and big. Soil health checks, counseling farmers on
the crops to grow, inputs to optimize farm production and control costs
were some of the key areas covered. There has been a concerted effort
to promote rain water harvesting, drip irrigation and introducing new
agricultural technology. Unconventional initiatives such as digging
community ponds, making numerous small and big check dams to hold water
were encouraged. This not only helped with irrigation but also
replenished the ground water table resulting in lower consumption of
electricity. The State Government under the Jyotigram scheme provided a
dedicated feeder line ensuring assured power supply to the farm sector.
It would be pertinent to point out that Gujarat doesn’t provide free
electricity to its farmers unlike other States, yet its farm output is
better. This could well be the reason why farmers are less wasteful of
resources.
These initiatives may not be as glamorous as the Vibrant Gujarat
summit or the news of big MNCs driving into Sanand but the quiet green
revolution has pushed Gujarat’s growth to a higher trajectory. Gujarat
stands out for its long term vision and impeccable execution. Governance
is not just about lofty speeches and promises but actual delivery.
Clearly, there is much that various State Governments and
farmers from the rest of India can learn to improve productivity, output
and incomes. If India follows Gujarat, 10% growth should be possible!
